FUW TRENDS IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(A Peer Review Journal)
e–ISSN: 2408–5162; p–ISSN: 2048–5170
keywords: Amaranths, bioaccumulation, heavy metals, soils,transfer factor, waste dumps
This study was conducted to determine the presence, concentration and bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals in amaranths grown on soils from waste dump sites. The selected heavy metals were analysed using AAS. There was no clear trend on the values for the concentrations of the heavy metals in both the amaranths and their soils from the three fields. When compared with literature reports, the values for the concentrations of the heavy Metals in Amaranthus caudatus and their soil samples were generally low. Fe had the highest mean values of 20.17, 17.14 and 18.81 µgg-1 in the vegetable samples and 28.63, 34.53and 34.51 µgg-1 in the soil samples from sites A, B and C, respectively, while Co had the lowest mean values of 00.52, 00.02 and 00.06 µgg-1 in the vegetable samples and 00.38, 00.53 and 00.35 µgg-1 in the soil samples from sites A, B and C, respectively. Significant differences were observed at P<0.05 between the mean values of Cu and Cr in amaranth samples and Fe in the soil samples from the three sites which indicated lack of relationship. The Transfer Factor values were generally less than 1 except for Cr in samples from sites B and C and for Co in samples from site A. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of the selected heavy metals by amaranths were very low and as such, the use of soils from waste dump sites for cultivation of vegetables can be encouraged.
Adeyeye IE 2005. Trace metals in soils and plants from Fadama farms in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiopia, 19(1): 23 - 33. Afshin M & Masoud AZ 2008. Heavy metals in selected edible vegetables and estimation of their intake in Sananda, Iran. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Pub. Health, 39(2): 335 - 340. Aiboni UV 2001. Characterization and classification of soils of a representative topographic location in the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. ASSET Series, A1(1): 35 - 50. Alino L, Isidora R, Adina B, Lato K & Crista F 2012. The transfer factor of metals in soil-plant system. Res. J. Agric. Sci., 44(3): 67 – 72. Amusan AA, Ige VD & Oluwale R 2005. Characteristics of soils and crops uptake of metals in municipal waste dump sites in Nigeria. J. Human. Eco., 17(3): 167 - 171. Anthony E, Aiwonegbe & Esther UI 2007. Levels of selected heavy metal in some Nigerian vegetables. Trends in Agric. Sci. Res., 2(1): 76 – 79. Anthony K & Balwant S 2009. Heavy metals concentration of home grown vegetables near metal smelters in New South Wales Australia. http://www.regional. Audu AA & Lawal AO 2006. Variation in contents of plants in vegetable garden sites in Kano Metropolis. J. App. Sc., Env. & Man., 10(2):105 - 109. BirninYauri AU, Yahaya Y, Bagudo UB & Noma SS 2011. Seasonal variation in nutrient content of selected vegetables from Wamakko, Sokoto State. J. Soil Scs. & Env. Man., 2(4): 117 - 125. Buszewski B, Jastrzebska A, Kowalkowski T & Gorna-Binkul A 2000. Monitoring of selected heavy metals uptake by plants and soils in the area of Torun, Poland. Polish J. Env. Studs., 9(6): 511 -515. Daniel CH 2003. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Sixth edition. W. H. Freeman Campany, New York, pp. 132 - 145, 364 and 710 - 711. Hassan LG, Umar KJ &Usman A 2005. Nutrient content of the leaves of Tribulusterrestris (Tsaida). J. Trop. Biosc. 52):77 - 82. Haw-Tarn L, Sue-sun W & Gwo-chen L 2004. Heavy metal content of rice and shellfish in Taiwan. J. of Food and Drug Analysis, 2(2):167 - 174. ICAR 2007. Handbook of Agriculture. New Delhi, pp. 59 - 61. Idris S & Ndamitso MM 2009. Trace metals compositions of some leafy vegetables grown in Minna, North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Nat. & App. Scs., 5(2): 136 – 138. . John AB 2000. Statistics for Food Science. Nutr & Food Sci., 30(6):295 - 299. Kashif RS, Akram M, Yaseen M & Ali S 2009. Studies on heavy metals status and their uptake by vegetables in adjoining areas of Hudaira drain in Lahore. Soil &Env. 28(1): 7-12; www.se.org.pk. Karezewska A, Szerszen I & Kabala C 1998. Forms of selected heavy metals and their transformation in soils polluted by the emissions from copper smelters towards sustainable land use Furthering Cooperation between people and institutions. Advan. in Geo., 1(31): 721 - 726. Krettzschmar S, Bundt M, Saborio G, Wilcke W & Zech W 1998. Heavy metals in soils of Costa Rican coffee plantations. Towards sustainable land use furthering cooperation between people and institutions. Advan. in Geo., 1(31): 721 - 726. Lone IM, Saleem S, Mahmood T, Saifullah K. & Hussain G 2003. Heavy metal contents of vegetables irrigated by sewage/tubewell water. Int. J. Agric. & Bio., 533 - 535. Mbong EO, Akpan EE & Osu SR 2014. Oil-plant heavy metal relation and transfer factor index of habitats densely distributed with citrus reticulate (tangerine). J. Res. Env. Sc. and Toxicity, 3(4): 61-65. Mensah JK, Okoli RI, Ohaju-obodo JO & Eifediyi K 2008. Phytochemical, nutritional and medicinal properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo people of Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotech., 7(14): 2305 - 2309. Miroslav R & Vladimir NB 1999. Practical environmental analysis. Royal Soc. Chem. UK, 2: 263 – 273 and 357 – 377. Natasa M, Rukie A, Ljubomir S, Lidija M & Zoran SI 2015 Transfer factor as indicator of heavy metal content in plants. Fresenius Env. Bull. PSB, 24: 4212 – 4119. Nirmal KJI, Hiren S, Rita NK & Ira B, 2009. Hyper-accumulation and mobility of heavy metals in vegetable crops in India. J. Agric & Env., 10: 29 - 38. Sajjad K, Farooq R, Shabaz S, Khan MA & Sadique M 2009. Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables. World App. Scs. J., 6(2): 1602 - 1606. Uba S & Uzairu A 2008. Heavy metal levels in soils and Amaranthus spinusis of dumpsites in Zaria metropolis, Nigeria. Bio. &Env. Sci. J. Tropics, 5(4): 110 - 116. Uwah IE, Ndahi PN & OguGbuaja OV 2009. Study of the levels of some agricultural pollutants in soils and water leaf (Talinum triangulare) obtained in Maiduguri, Nigeria. J. App. Sci. & Env. Sanitation, 4(2): 71 - 78.
